Expressing gratitude is a powerful way to acknowledge someone’s kindness and show appreciation for their support. One of the most heartfelt ways to do this is by writing a thank yo...Mar 18, 2019 · Repeated Roots – In this section we discuss the solution to homogeneous, linear, second order differential equations, ay′′ +by′ +cy = 0 a y ″ + b y ′ + c y = 0, in which the roots of the characteristic polynomial, ar2 +br+c = 0 a r 2 + b r + c = 0, are repeated, i.e. double, roots. We will use reduction of order to derive the second ... In this section we’ll take a brief look at a fairly simple method for approximating solutions to differential equations. We derive the formulas used by Euler’s Method and give a brief discussion of the errors in the approximations of the solutions.The standard form of a complex number is. a +bi a + b i. where a a and b b are real numbers and they can be anything, positive, negative, zero, integers, fractions, decimals, it doesn’t matter. When in the standard form a a is called the real part of the complex number and b b is called the imaginary part of the complex number.Section 4.1 : Rates of Change. The purpose of this section is to remind us of one of the more important applications of derivatives. That is the fact that f ′(x) f ′ ( x) represents the rate of change of f (x) f ( x). This is an application that we repeatedly saw in the previous chapter. Almost every section in the previous chapter ...Laplace’s equation in terms of polar coordinates is, ∇2u = 1 r ∂ ∂r (r ∂u ∂r) + 1 r2 ∂2u ∂θ2 ∇ 2 u = 1 r ∂ ∂ r ( r ∂ u ∂ r) + 1 r 2 ∂ 2 u ∂ θ 2. Okay, this is a lot more complicated than the Cartesian form of Laplace’s equation and it will add in a few complexities to the solution process, but it isn’t as bad ...Pauls Online Math Notes. Home. Welcome to my online math tutorials and notes. The intent of this site is to provide a complete set of free online (and downloadable) notes and/or tutorials for classes that I teach at Lamar University. I've tried to write the notes/tutorials in such a way that they should be accessible to anyone wanting to learn ...Stokes’ Theorem. Let S S be an oriented smooth surface that is bounded by a simple, closed, smooth boundary curve C C with positive orientation. Also let →F F → be a vector field then, ∫ C →F ⋅ d→r = ∬ S curl →F ⋅ d→S ∫ C F → ⋅ d r → = ∬ S curl F → ⋅ d S →. In this theorem note that the surface S S can ...Nov 16, 2022 · a(b +c) = ab +ac. In factoring out the greatest common factor we do this in reverse. We notice that each term has an a in it and so we “factor” it out using the distributive law in reverse as follows, ab +ac = a(b+c) Let’s take a look at some examples. Example 1 Factor out the greatest common factor from each of the following polynomials. In this section we solve separable first order differential equations, i.e. differential equations in the form N(y) y' = M(x). We will give a derivation of the solution process to this type of differential equation. We’ll also start looking at finding the interval of validity for the solution to a differential equation.Repeated Eigenvalues – In this section we will solve systems of two linear differential equations in which the eigenvalues are real repeated (double in this case) numbers. This will include deriving a second linearly independent solution that we will need to form the general solution to the system. We will also show how to sketch phase ...Nov 16, 2022 · Table Notes. This list is not a complete listing of Laplace transforms and only contains some of the more commonly used Laplace transforms and formulas. Recall the definition of hyperbolic functions. cosh(t) = et +e−t 2 sinh(t) = et−e−t 2 cosh. . ( t) = e t + e − t 2 sinh. . ( t) = e t − e − t 2. Be careful when using ... Let’s work a quick example to see how this can be used. Example 1 Use a convolution integral to find the inverse transform of the following transform. H (s) = 1 (s2 +a2)2 H ( s) = 1 ( s 2 + a 2) 2. Show Solution. Convolution integrals are very useful in the following kinds of problems. Example 2 Solve the following IVP 4y′′ +y =g(t), y(0 ...Divergence Theorem. Let E E be a simple solid region and S S is the boundary surface of E E with positive orientation. Let →F F → be a vector field whose components have continuous first order partial derivatives. Then, ∬ S →F ⋅ d→S = ∭ E div →F dV ∬ S F → ⋅ d S → = ∭ E div F → d V. Let’s see an example of how to ...Paul Dawkins is a professor at Lamar University in Texas and for his calculus students and for the public, he keeps on online resource for calculus. The site includes notes, …Inequalities Involving > and ≥ ≥. Once again let’s start off with a simple number example. |p| ≥ 4 | p | ≥ 4. This says that whatever p p is it must be at least a distance of 4 from the origin and so p p must be in one of the …First, we need a little terminology/notation out of the way. We call the equations that define the change of variables a transformation. Also, we will typically start out with a region, R R, in xy x y -coordinates and transform it into a region in uv u v -coordinates. Example 1 Determine the new region that we get by applying the given ...Nov 16, 2022 · W =F d W = F d. However, most forces are not constant and will depend upon where exactly the force is acting. So, let’s suppose that the force at any x x is given by F (x) F ( x). Then the work done by the force in moving an object from x = a x = a to x = b x = b is given by, W =∫ b a F (x) dx W = ∫ a b F ( x) d x. Section 3.1 : The Definition of the Derivative. In the first section of the Limits chapter we saw that the computation of the slope of a tangent line, the instantaneous rate of change of a function, and the instantaneous velocity of an object at x = a x = a all required us to compute the following limit. lim x→a f (x) −f (a) x −a lim x ...In terms of our new function the surface is then given by the equation f (x,y,z) = 0 f ( x, y, z) = 0. Now, recall that ∇f ∇ f will be orthogonal (or normal) to the surface given by f (x,y,z) = 0 f ( x, y, z) = 0. This means that we have a normal vector to the surface. The only potential problem is that it might not be a unit normal vector.ax + by = p cx + dy = q. We first write down the augmented matrix for this system, [a b p c d q] and use elementary row operations to convert it into the following augmented matrix. [1 0 h 0 1 k] Once we have the augmented matrix in this form we are done. The solution to the system will be x = h and y = k.Paul's Online Notes Home / Calculus III / Multiple Integrals / Triple Integrals. Prev. Section. Notes Practice Problems Assignment Problems. Next Section . Show Mobile Notice Show All Notes Hide All Notes. Mobile Notice. You appear to be on a device with a "narrow" screen width (i.e. you are probably on a mobile phone).Nov 16, 2022 · f (x) = 1 1−x (2) (2) f ( x) = 1 1 − x. with the power series. ∞ ∑ n=0xn provided |x| < 1 (3) (3) ∑ n = 0 ∞ x n provided | x | < 1. This provision is important. We can clearly plug any number other than x =1 x = 1 into the function, however, we will only get a convergent power series if |x|< 1 | x | < 1. This means the equality in ... Feb 5, 2021 ... Music: Intro Theme Composer: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCR2rsBCuGSr5aXDFYUQniBQ Playlist: N/A Platform: Online Please remember: "If ...Pauls Online Math Notes Calc 1. We will discuss the interpretation/meaning of a limit, how to. Web calculus i here are the notes for my calculus i course that i ...So, L’Hospital’s Rule tells us that if we have an indeterminate form 0/0 or ∞/∞ ∞ / ∞ all we need to do is differentiate the numerator and differentiate the denominator and then take the limit. Before proceeding with examples let me address the spelling of “L’Hospital”. The more modern spelling is “L’Hôpital”.Nov 16, 2022 · Table Notes. This list is not a complete listing of Laplace transforms and only contains some of the more commonly used Laplace transforms and formulas. Recall the definition of hyperbolic functions. cosh(t) = et +e−t 2 sinh(t) = et−e−t 2 cosh. . ( t) = e t + e − t 2 sinh. . ( t) = e t − e − t 2. Be careful when using ... Calculus Made Easy: Being A Very-Simplest Introduction to Those Beautiful Methods of Reckoning which are Generally Called by the Terrifying Names of the ...Section 7.10 : Approximating Definite Integrals. In this chapter we’ve spent quite a bit of time on computing the values of integrals. However, not all integrals can be computed. A perfect example is the …Second, it is generally only useful for constant coefficient differential equations. The method is quite simple. All that we need to do is look at \ (g (t)\) and make a guess as to the form of \ (Y_ {P} (t)\) leaving the coefficient (s) undetermined (and hence the name of the method). Plug the guess into the differential equation and see if we ...Given the two Laplace transforms F(s) and G(s) then. L − 1{aF(s) + bG(s)} = aL − 1{F(s)} + bL − 1{G(s)} for any constants a and b. So, we take the inverse transform of the individual transforms, put any constants back in and then add or subtract the results back up. Let’s take a look at a couple of fairly simple inverse transforms.Jun 6, 2018 · Complex Numbers Primer. Before I get started on this let me first make it clear that this document is not intended to teach you everything there is to know about complex numbers. That is a subject that can (and does) take a whole course to cover. The purpose of this document is to give you a brief overview of complex numbers, notation ... This can be written in several ways. Here are a couple of the more standard notations. lim x→a y→b f (x,y) lim (x,y)→(a,b)f (x,y) lim x → a y → b f ( x, y) lim ( x, y) → ( a, b) f ( x, y) We will use the second notation more often than not in this course. The second notation is also a little more helpful in illustrating what we are ...Jul 11, 2023 · Here is a set of notes used by Paul Dawkins to teach his Calculus II course at Lamar University. Topics covered are Integration Techniques (Integration by Parts, Trig Substitutions, Partial Fractions, Improper Integrals), Applications (Arc Length, Surface Area, Center of Mass and Probability), Parametric Curves (inclulding various applications), Sequences, Series (Integral Test, Comparison ... Online Math Lab. Khan Academy: What is a differential equation? Introduction to differential equations and the terms order and linear/nonlinear. Definitions for order, linear, initial …Jul 11, 2023 · Chapter 10 : Series and Sequences. In this chapter we’ll be taking a look at sequences and (infinite) series. In fact, this chapter will deal almost exclusively with series. However, we also need to understand some of the basics of sequences in order to properly deal with series. We will therefore, spend a little time on sequences as well. a(b +c) = ab +ac. In factoring out the greatest common factor we do this in reverse. We notice that each term has an a in it and so we “factor” it out using the distributive law in reverse as follows, ab +ac = a(b+c) Let’s take a look at some examples. Example 1 Factor out the greatest common factor from each of the following polynomials.Nov 16, 2022 · These methods allow us to at least get an approximate value which may be enough in a lot of cases. In this chapter we will look at several integration techniques including Integration by Parts, Integrals Involving Trig Functions, Trig Substitutions and Partial Fractions. We will also look at Improper Integrals including using the Comparison ... Nov 16, 2022 · The range of a function is simply the set of all possible values that a function can take. Let’s find the domain and range of a few functions. Example 4 Find the domain and range of each of the following functions. f (x) = 5x −3 f ( x) = 5 x − 3. g(t) = √4 −7t g ( t) = 4 − 7 t. h(x) = −2x2 +12x +5 h ( x) = − 2 x 2 + 12 x + 5. Work to Understand the Principles. You can pass a history class by simply memorizing a set of dates, names and events. You will find, however, that in order to pass a math class you will need to do more than just memorize a set of formulas. While there is certainly a fair amount of memorization of formulas in a math class you need to do more.From the Quadric Surfaces section notes we can see that this is a cone that opens along the \(x\)-axis. We are much more likely to need to be able to write down the parametric equations of a surface than identify the surface from the parametric representation so let’s take a look at some examples of this.Nov 16, 2022 · Method 1 : Use the method used in Finding Absolute Extrema. This is the method used in the first example above. Recall that in order to use this method the interval of possible values of the independent variable in the function we are optimizing, let’s call it I I, must have finite endpoints. Also, the function we’re optimizing (once it’s ... ... notes. © 2005 Paul Dawkins. Standard Integration Techniques. Note that at many schools all but the Substitution Rule tend to be taught in a Calculus II class.Paul Dawkins is a professor at Lamar University in Texas and for his calculus students and for the public, he keeps on online resource for calculus. The site includes notes, …In this section we define the Fourier Series, i.e. representing a function with a series in the form Sum( A_n cos(n pi x / L) ) from n=0 to n=infinity + Sum( B_n sin(n pi x / L) ) from n=1 to n=infinity. We will also work several examples finding the Fourier Series for a …Surface Integrals – In this section we introduce the idea of a surface integral. With surface integrals we will be integrating over the surface of a solid. In other words, the variables will always be on the surface of the solid and will never come from inside the solid itself. Also, in this section we will be working with the first kind of ...Calculus Made Easy: Being A Very-Simplest Introduction to Those Beautiful Methods of Reckoning which are Generally Called by the Terrifying Names of the ...In this section we discuss how the formula for a convergent Geometric Series can be used to represent some functions as power series. To use the Geometric Series formula, the function must be able to be put into a specific form, which is often impossible. However, use of this formula does quickly illustrate how functions can be represented as …We can get the units of the derivative by recalling that, r ′ = dr dt. The units of the derivative will be the units of the numerator (cm in the previous example) divided by the units of the denominator (min in the previous example). Let’s work some more examples. Example 2 A 15 foot ladder is resting against the wall.My Students. If you are one of my students and you are here looking for homework assignments and/or due dates for homework assignments you won't find them here. For a variety of reasons I like to keep the site that contains my notes separate from the pages that are devoted to the classes that I'm actually teaching here at Lamar. Here …Nov 16, 2022 · The (implicit) solution to an exact differential equation is then. Ψ(x,y) = c (4) (4) Ψ ( x, y) = c. Well, it’s the solution provided we can find Ψ(x,y) Ψ ( x, y) anyway. Therefore, once we have the function we can always just jump straight to (4) (4) to get an implicit solution to our differential equation. Complex Conjugate. The first one we’ll look at is the complex conjugate, (or just the conjugate).Given the complex number z = a + bi the complex conjugate is denoted by ¯ z and is defined to be, ¯ z = a − bi. In other words, we just switch the sign on the imaginary part of the number. Here are some basic facts about conjugates.Section 4.1 : Rates of Change. The purpose of this section is to remind us of one of the more important applications of derivatives. That is the fact that f ′(x) f ′ ( x) represents the rate of change of f (x) f ( x). This is an application that we repeatedly saw in the previous chapter. Almost every section in the previous chapter ...In this section we want do take a look at triple integrals done completely in Cylindrical Coordinates. Recall that cylindrical coordinates are really nothing more than an extension of polar coordinates into three dimensions. The following are the conversion formulas for cylindrical coordinates. x =rcosθ y = rsinθ z = z x = r cos θ y = r sin ...Jun 26, 2023 · Here is a set of notes used by Paul Dawkins to teach his Differential Equations course at Lamar University. Included are most of the standard topics in 1st and 2nd order differential equations, Laplace transforms, systems of differential eqauations, series solutions as well as a brief introduction to boundary value problems, Fourier series and partial differntial equations. Apr 4, 2022 · In this chapter we introduce Derivatives. We cover the standard derivatives formulas including the product rule, quotient rule and chain rule as well as derivatives of polynomials, roots, trig functions, inverse trig functions, hyperbolic functions, exponential functions and logarithm functions. We also cover implicit differentiation, related ... The following free supplemental online book contains many nice examples and good explanations: Paul's Online Notes: Differential Equations. Note: Pre-recorded videos are available on both ICON (login not required) and Youtube. Videos recorded during class are only available via ICON, and due to Ferpa, you must be logged in and you …A web page with online notes on surface integrals, parametric surfaces, vector fields, Stokes' theorems and divergence theorem. The notes include colour graphics, external …Sep 25, 2018 · Download pdf cheat sheets and tables for algebra, trig, calculus, and Laplace transforms from Pauls Online Notes. The cheat sheets come in full and reduced versions, with common facts, formulas, properties, and errors. Feb 5, 2021 ... Music: Intro Theme Composer: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCR2rsBCuGSr5aXDFYUQniBQ Playlist: N/A Platform: Online Please remember: "If ...How To Study Math - This is a short section with some advice on how to best study mathematics. Welcome to my math notes site. Contained in this site are the notes …Calculus Made Easy: Being A Very-Simplest Introduction to Those Beautiful Methods of Reckoning which are Generally Called by the Terrifying Names of the ...We can also give a strict mathematical/formula definition for absolute value. It is, |p| = {p if p ≥ 0 −p if p < 0 | p | = { p if p ≥ 0 − p if p < 0. This tells us to look at the sign of p p and if it’s positive we just drop the absolute value bar. If p p is negative we drop the absolute value bars and then put in a negative in front ...Nov 16, 2022 · To determine a condition that must be true in order for a Taylor series to exist for a function let’s first define the nth degree Taylor polynomial of f(x) as, Tn(x) = n ∑ i = 0f ( i) (a) i! (x − a)i. Note that this really is a polynomial of degree at most n. In a first course in Physics you typically look at the work that a constant force, F F, does when moving an object over a distance of d d. In these cases the work is, W =F d W = F d. However, most forces are not constant and will depend upon where exactly the force is acting. So, let’s suppose that the force at any x x is given by F (x) F ( x).In this chapter we will introduce a new kind of integral : Line Integrals. With Line Integrals we will be integrating functions of two or more variables where the independent variables now are defined by curves rather than regions as with double and triple integrals. We will also investigate conservative vector fields and discuss Green’s ...Repeated Roots – In this section we discuss the solution to homogeneous, linear, second order differential equations, ay′′ +by′ +cy = 0 a y ″ + b y ′ + c y = 0, in which the roots of the characteristic polynomial, ar2 +br+c = 0 a r 2 + b r + c = 0, are repeated, i.e. double, roots. We will use reduction of order to derive the second ...Paul McCartney is a name that needs no introduction in the world of music. As a member of the iconic band, The Beatles, he has earned his place in history as one of the greatest mu...Nov 15, 2023 · Integration By Parts. ∫ udv = uv −∫ vdu ∫ u d v = u v − ∫ v d u. To use this formula, we will need to identify u u and dv d v, compute du d u and v v and then use the formula. Note as well that computing v v is very easy. All we need to do is integrate dv d v. v = ∫ dv v = ∫ d v. In this section we want do take a look at triple integrals done completely in Cylindrical Coordinates. Recall that cylindrical coordinates are really nothing more than an extension of polar coordinates into three dimensions. The following are the conversion formulas for cylindrical coordinates. x =rcosθ y = rsinθ z = z x = r cos θ y = r sin ...Binomial Series. So, similar to the binomial theorem except that it’s an infinite series and we must have |x| < 1 | x | < 1 in order to get convergence. Let’s check out an example of this. In this section we will give the Binomial Theorem and illustrate how it can be used to quickly expand terms in the form (a+b)^n when n is an integer.Paul's Online Notes Home / Calculus III / Multiple Integrals / Triple Integrals. Prev. Section. Notes Practice Problems Assignment Problems. Next Section . Show Mobile Notice Show All Notes Hide All Notes. Mobile Notice. You appear to be on a device with a "narrow" screen width (i.e. you are probably on a mobile phone).Pauls Online Math Notes - Free download as PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. Pauls Online Math NotesJun 6, 2018 · Complex Numbers Primer. Before I get started on this let me first make it clear that this document is not intended to teach you everything there is to know about complex numbers. That is a subject that can (and does) take a whole course to cover. The purpose of this document is to give you a brief overview of complex numbers, notation ... Stokes’ Theorem. Let S S be an oriented smooth surface that is bounded by a simple, closed, smooth boundary curve C C with positive orientation. Also let →F F → be a vector field then, ∫ C →F ⋅ d→r = ∬ S curl →F ⋅ d→S ∫ C F → ⋅ d r → = ∬ S curl F → ⋅ d S →. In this theorem note that the surface S S can ...Quotient Rule. If the two functions f (x) f ( x) and g(x) g ( x) are differentiable ( i.e. the derivative exist) then the quotient is differentiable and, ( f g)′ = f ′g −f g′ g2 ( f g) ′ = f ′ g − f g ′ g 2. Note that the numerator of the quotient rule is very similar to the product rule so be careful to not mix the two up! The ...L’Hospital’s Rule works great on the two indeterminate forms 0/0 and ±∞/±∞ ± ∞ / ± ∞. However, there are many more indeterminate forms out there as we saw earlier. Let’s take a look at some of those and see how we deal with those kinds of indeterminate forms. We’ll start with the indeterminate form (0)(±∞) ( 0) ( ± ∞).May 29, 2020 ... ... Paul's Online Calculus Notes about the end behavior of polynomials. We show you how to read and interpret that fact, to help you understand ...It is also important to note that all we want are the critical points that are in the interval. Let’s do some examples. Example 1 Determine the absolute extrema for the following function and interval. g(t) = 2t3 +3t2 −12t+4 on [−4,2] g ( t) = 2 t 3 + 3 t 2 − 12 t + 4 on [ − 4, 2] Show Solution. In this example we saw that absolute ...Paul's Online Notes Home / Download pdf File. Show Mobile Notice Show All Notes Hide All Notes. Mobile Notice. You appear to be on a device with a "narrow" screen width (i.e. you are probably on a mobile phone). Due to the nature of the mathematics on this site it is best views in landscape mode.In this section we want do take a look at triple integrals done completely in Cylindrical Coordinates. Recall that cylindrical coordinates are really nothing more than an extension of polar coordinates into three dimensions. The following are the conversion formulas for cylindrical coordinates. x =rcosθ y = rsinθ z = z x = r cos θ y = r sin ...In this section we discuss how the formula for a convergent Geometric Series can be used to represent some functions as power series. To use the Geometric Series formula, the function must be able to be put into a specific form, which is often impossible. However, use of this formula does quickly illustrate how functions can be represented as …In order to use synthetic division we must be dividing a polynomial by a linear term in the form x−r x − r. If we aren’t then it won’t work. Let’s redo the previous problem with synthetic division to see how it works. Example 2 Use synthetic division to divide 5x3 −x2+6 5 x 3 − x 2 + 6 by x −4 x − 4 . Show Solution.Pauls online notes
Nov 16, 2022 · Quotient Rule. If the two functions f (x) f ( x) and g(x) g ( x) are differentiable ( i.e. the derivative exist) then the quotient is differentiable and, ( f g)′ = f ′g −f g′ g2 ( f g) ′ = f ′ g − f g ′ g 2. Note that the numerator of the quotient rule is very similar to the product rule so be careful to not mix the two up! The ... Systems of differential equations can be converted to matrix form and this is the form that we usually use in solving systems. Example 3 Convert the following system to matrix form. x′ 1 =4x1 +7x2 x′ 2 =−2x1−5x2 x ′ 1 = 4 x 1 + 7 x 2 x ′ 2 = − 2 x 1 − 5 x 2. Show Solution. Example 4 Convert the systems from Examples 1 and 2 into ...We’ll start with a rational expression in the form, f(x) = P(x) Q(x) where both P(x) and Q(x) are polynomials and the degree of P(x) is smaller than the degree of Q(x). Recall that the degree of a polynomial is the largest exponent in the polynomial. Partial fractions can only be done if the degree of the numerator is strictly less than the ...Oct 9, 2023 ... Welcome to my math notes site. Contained includes this site are the notes (free and downloadable) that I use to teach Algebra, Calculus (I, ...An alternating series is any series, ∑an ∑ a n, for which the series terms can be written in one of the following two forms. an = (−1)nbn bn ≥ 0 an = (−1)n+1bn bn ≥ 0 a n = ( − 1) n b n b n ≥ 0 a n = ( − 1) n + 1 b n b n ≥ 0. There are many other ways to deal with the alternating sign, but they can all be written as one of ...Nov 16, 2022 · To determine a condition that must be true in order for a Taylor series to exist for a function let’s first define the nth degree Taylor polynomial of f(x) as, Tn(x) = n ∑ i = 0f ( i) (a) i! (x − a)i. Note that this really is a polynomial of degree at most n. In this case we call h′(b) h ′ ( b) the partial derivative of f (x,y) f ( x, y) with respect to y y at (a,b) ( a, b) and we denote it as follows, f y(a,b) = 6a2b2 f y ( a, b) = 6 a 2 b 2. Note that these two partial derivatives are sometimes called the first order partial derivatives. Just as with functions of one variable we can have ...Nov 16, 2022 · These methods allow us to at least get an approximate value which may be enough in a lot of cases. In this chapter we will look at several integration techniques including Integration by Parts, Integrals Involving Trig Functions, Trig Substitutions and Partial Fractions. We will also look at Improper Integrals including using the Comparison ... Let’s jump right into the definition of the dot product. Given the two vectors →a = a1, a2, a3 and →b = b1, b2, b3 the dot product is, →a ⋅ →b = a1b1 + a2b2 + a3b3. Sometimes the dot product is called the scalar product. The dot product is also an example of an inner product and so on occasion you may hear it called an inner product.Learn Algebra, Trig, Calculus, Differential Equations and more with free online notes and tutorials from Pauls Online Math Notes. The notes are written for students …If you have furniture that you no longer need or want, donating it can be a great way to give back to your community and help those in need. St. Vincent de Paul is a well-known cha...Note that if we are just given f (x) f ( x) then the differentials are df d f and dx d x and we compute them in the same manner. df = f ′(x)dx d f = f ′ ( x) d x. Let’s compute a couple of differentials. Example 1 Compute the differential for each of the following. y = t3 −4t2 +7t y = t 3 − 4 t 2 + 7 t.In this section we are going to be looking at quadric surfaces. Quadric surfaces are the graphs of any equation that can be put into the general form. Ax2+By2 +Cz2 +Dxy +Exz+F yz+Gx+H y +I z +J = 0 A x 2 + B y 2 + C z 2 + D x y + E x z + F y z + G x + H y + I z + J = 0. where A A, … , J J are constants. There is no way that we can …Pauls Online Math Notes. Home. Welcome to my online math tutorials and notes. The intent of this site is to provide a complete set of free online (and downloadable) notes and/or tutorials for classes that I teach at Lamar University. I've tried to write the notes/tutorials in such a way that they should be accessible to anyone wanting to learn ...Sep 8, 2020 · In this chapter we will look at solving first order differential equations. The most general first order differential equation can be written as, dy dt = f (y,t) (1) (1) d y d t = f ( y, t) As we will see in this chapter there is no general formula for the solution to (1) (1). What we will do instead is look at several special cases and see how ... Let’s work a quick example to see how this can be used. Example 1 Use a convolution integral to find the inverse transform of the following transform. H (s) = 1 (s2 +a2)2 H ( s) = 1 ( s 2 + a 2) 2. Show Solution. Convolution integrals are very useful in the following kinds of problems. Example 2 Solve the following IVP 4y′′ +y =g(t), y(0 ...An alternating series is any series, ∑an ∑ a n, for which the series terms can be written in one of the following two forms. an = (−1)nbn bn ≥ 0 an = (−1)n+1bn bn ≥ 0 a n = ( − 1) n b n b n ≥ 0 a n = ( − 1) n + 1 b n b n ≥ 0. There are many other ways to deal with the alternating sign, but they can all be written as one of ...Paul's Online Math Notes. Good self-contained notes for Algebra, Calculus I/II/III, and Ordinary Differential Equations by Professor Dr. Paul Hawkins at Lamar University. The link address is: https://tutorial.math.lamar.edu/. Stokes' Theorems, Vector Potential. Online notes concerning surface integrals. Chapters are: Parametric Surfaces, Surface Integrals, Surface Integrals of Vector Fields, Stokes' Theorem, and Divergence Theorem. Notes include colour graphics, external links and detailed examples. Notes can be viewed online or downloaded in PDF format.Jan 26, 2016 ... Calculus 3 Lecture 11.1: An Introduction to Vectors: Discovering Vectors with focus on adding, subtracting, position vectors, unit vectors ...Because the binormal vector is defined to be the cross product of the unit tangent and unit normal vector we then know that the binormal vector is orthogonal to both the tangent vector and the normal vector. Example 3 Find the normal and binormal vectors for →r (t) = t,3sint,3cost r → ( t) = t, 3 sin t, 3 cos t . Show Solution. In this ...Section 12.5 : Functions of Several Variables. In this section we want to go over some of the basic ideas about functions of more than one variable. First, remember that graphs of functions of two variables, z = f (x,y) z = f ( x, y) are surfaces in three dimensional space. For example, here is the graph of z =2x2 +2y2 −4 z = 2 x 2 + 2 y 2 − 4.Pauls Online Math Notes Calc 1. We will discuss the interpretation/meaning of a limit, how to. Web calculus i here are the notes for my calculus i course that i ...Chapter 10 : Series and Sequences. In this chapter we’ll be taking a look at sequences and (infinite) series. In fact, this chapter will deal almost exclusively with series. However, we also need to understand some of the basics of sequences in order to properly deal with series. We will therefore, spend a little time on sequences as well.Given the two Laplace transforms F(s) and G(s) then. L − 1{aF(s) + bG(s)} = aL − 1{F(s)} + bL − 1{G(s)} for any constants a and b. So, we take the inverse transform of the individual transforms, put any constants back in and then add or subtract the results back up. Let’s take a look at a couple of fairly simple inverse transforms.Note that if we are just given f (x) f ( x) then the differentials are df d f and dx d x and we compute them in the same manner. df = f ′(x)dx d f = f ′ ( x) d x. Let’s compute a couple of differentials. Example 1 Compute the differential for each of the following. y = t3 −4t2 +7t y = t 3 − 4 t 2 + 7 t.The (implicit) solution to an exact differential equation is then. Ψ(x,y) = c (4) (4) Ψ ( x, y) = c. Well, it’s the solution provided we can find Ψ(x,y) Ψ ( x, y) anyway. Therefore, once we have the function we can always just jump straight to (4) (4) to get an implicit solution to our differential equation.Determine the dimensions of the box that will maximize the enclosed volume. Solution. We want to build a box whose base length is 6 times the base width and the box will enclose 20 in 3. The cost of the material of the sides is $3/in 2 and the cost of the top and bottom is $15/in 2. Determine the dimensions of the box that will minimize the cost.Paul's Online Notes Home / Download pdf File. Show Mobile Notice Show All Notes Hide All Notes. Mobile Notice. You appear to be on a device with a "narrow" screen width (i.e. you are probably on a mobile phone). Due to the nature of the mathematics on this site it is best views in landscape mode.In this section we will define critical points for functions of two variables and discuss a method for determining if they are relative minimums, relative maximums or saddle points (i.e. neither a relative minimum or relative maximum).Section 4.3 : Minimum and Maximum Values. Many of our applications in this chapter will revolve around minimum and maximum values of a function. While we can all visualize the minimum and maximum values of a function we want to be a little more specific in our work here. In particular, we want to differentiate between two types …A web page with online notes on surface integrals, parametric surfaces, vector fields, Stokes' theorems and divergence theorem. The notes include colour graphics, external links and detailed examples. The web page is created by Paul Dawkins and published by Mathematical Association of America. Paul's Online Notes Home / Differential Equations / Second Order DE's / Variation of Parameters. Prev. Section. Notes. Next Section . Show Mobile Notice Show All Notes Hide All Notes. Mobile Notice. You appear to be on a device with a "narrow" screen width (i.e. you are probably on a mobile phone).Nov 16, 2022 · a(b +c) = ab +ac. In factoring out the greatest common factor we do this in reverse. We notice that each term has an a in it and so we “factor” it out using the distributive law in reverse as follows, ab +ac = a(b+c) Let’s take a look at some examples. Example 1 Factor out the greatest common factor from each of the following polynomials. A web page with online notes on surface integrals, parametric surfaces, vector fields, Stokes' theorems and divergence theorem. The notes include colour graphics, external links and detailed examples. The web page is created by Paul Dawkins and published by Mathematical Association of America. Notice that if we ignore the first term the remaining terms will also be a series that will start at n = 2 n = 2 instead of n = 1 n = 1 So, we can rewrite the original series as follows, ∞ ∑ n=1an = a1 + ∞ ∑ n=2an ∑ n = 1 ∞ a n = a 1 + ∑ n = 2 ∞ a n. In this example we say that we’ve stripped out the first term.Nov 16, 2022 · This method was originally devised by Euler and is called, oddly enough, Euler’s Method. Let’s start with a general first order IVP. dy dt = f (t,y) y(t0) = y0 (1) (1) d y d t = f ( t, y) y ( t 0) = y 0. where f (t,y) f ( t, y) is a known function and the values in the initial condition are also known numbers. Systems of differential equations can be converted to matrix form and this is the form that we usually use in solving systems. Example 3 Convert the following system to matrix form. x′ 1 =4x1 +7x2 x′ 2 =−2x1−5x2 x ′ 1 = 4 x 1 + 7 x 2 x ′ 2 = − 2 x 1 − 5 x 2. Show Solution. Example 4 Convert the systems from Examples 1 and 2 into ...Here is the definition of the logarithm function. If b is any number such that b > 0 and b ≠ 1 and x > 0 then, y = logbx is equivalent to by = x. We usually read this as “log base b of x ”. In this definition y = logbx is called the logarithm form and by = x is called the exponential form. Note that the requirement that x > 0 is really a ...Calculus I. Here are a set of assignment problems for the Calculus I notes. Please note that these problems do not have any solutions available. These are intended mostly for instructors who might want a set of problems to assign for turning in. Having solutions available (or even just final answers) would defeat the purpose the problems.The result of a dot product is a number and the result of a cross product is a vector! Be careful not to confuse the two. So, let’s start with the two vectors →a = a1,a2,a3 a → = a 1, a 2, a 3 and →b = b1,b2,b3 b → = b 1, b 2, b 3 then the cross product is given by the formula, →a ×→b = a2b3−a3b2,a3b1−a1b3,a1b2 −a2b1 a → ...Nov 16, 2022 · a(b +c) = ab +ac. In factoring out the greatest common factor we do this in reverse. We notice that each term has an a in it and so we “factor” it out using the distributive law in reverse as follows, ab +ac = a(b+c) Let’s take a look at some examples. Example 1 Factor out the greatest common factor from each of the following polynomials. In this section we will give a quick review of trig functions. We will cover the basic notation, relationship between the trig functions, the right triangle definition of the trig functions. We will also cover evaluation of trig functions as well as the unit circle (one of the most important ideas from a trig class!) and how it can be used to evaluate trig …Complex Numbers Primer. Before I get started on this let me first make it clear that this document is not intended to teach you everything there is to know about complex numbers. That is a subject that can (and does) take a whole course to cover. The purpose of this document is to give you a brief overview of complex numbers, notation ...Paul Dawkins is a professor at Lamar University in Texas and for his calculus students and for the public, he keeps on online resource for calculus. The site includes notes, …We can also give a strict mathematical/formula definition for absolute value. It is, |p| = {p if p ≥ 0 −p if p < 0 | p | = { p if p ≥ 0 − p if p < 0. This tells us to look at the sign of p p and if it’s positive we just drop the absolute value bar. If p p is negative we drop the absolute value bars and then put in a negative in front ...Jul 10, 2022 · The topic that we will be examining in this chapter is that of Limits. This is the first of three major topics that we will be covering in this course. While we will be spending the least amount of time on limits in comparison to the other two topics limits are very important in the study of Calculus. We will be seeing limits in a variety of ... Because the binormal vector is defined to be the cross product of the unit tangent and unit normal vector we then know that the binormal vector is orthogonal to both the tangent vector and the normal vector. Example 3 Find the normal and binormal vectors for →r (t) = t,3sint,3cost r → ( t) = t, 3 sin t, 3 cos t . Show Solution. In this ...Sep 8, 2020 · In this chapter we will look at solving first order differential equations. The most general first order differential equation can be written as, dy dt = f (y,t) (1) (1) d y d t = f ( y, t) As we will see in this chapter there is no general formula for the solution to (1) (1). What we will do instead is look at several special cases and see how ... Nov 16, 2022 · In this section we are going to be looking at quadric surfaces. Quadric surfaces are the graphs of any equation that can be put into the general form. Ax2+By2 +Cz2 +Dxy +Exz+F yz+Gx+H y +I z +J = 0 A x 2 + B y 2 + C z 2 + D x y + E x z + F y z + G x + H y + I z + J = 0. where A A, … , J J are constants. There is no way that we can possibly ... Section 3.3 : Differentiation Formulas. In the first section of this chapter we saw the definition of the derivative and we computed a couple of derivatives using the definition. As we saw in those examples there was a fair amount of work involved in computing the limits and the functions that we worked with were not terribly complicated.. Carmen lee